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Iran 1945 (8 maggio) - 2000 (31 dicembre)   Cerca

Definizione

Definition: In 1946 Iran successfully eliminates communist and Soviet influence from its northwestern province of Azerbaijan. Iranian oil is nationalized in 1951. Premier Mohammad Mosaddeq is forced out of office in August 1953, and Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi takes control of Iran. In 1962 Iran institutes its first Land Reform Law, which calls for the redistribution of land and for profit sharing, directly influencing the "White Revolution" of January 26, 1963. The White Revolution is widely endorsed by the Iranian population but is opposed by a number of clerical leaders. The White Revolution transforms the economy, secularizes the educational system, and implements land reform. Land redistribution ceases in 1971. In 1978 a number of people are killed during anti-government rallies and demonstrations. Martial law is declared in major Iranian cities in September 1978. Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi flees Iran on January 16, 1979, and Prime Minister Shahpur Bakhtiar goes into hiding soon thereafter. Ayatollah Rouhullah Khomeini declares Iran an Islamic Republic on April 1, 1979, and a new constitution is soon adopted. The United States embassy in Tehran is taken over by followers of the Islamic revolution on November 4, 1979. Over thirty-five percent of Iranian Jewry immigrates to Israel and the United States by the end of 1979. In May 1980 Iran's cultural revolution causes the closure of higher educational institutions. Iraq invades Iran on September 22, 1980, prompting nearly a decade of war. Hostages at the US embassy are released on January 20, 1981. During the 1980s, political opposition is effectively removed. In 1985 Iran purchases weapons from the United States in what comes to be known as the Iran-Contra Affair. Iran and Iraq sign a United Nations proposed cease fire agreement on August 20, 1988. Ayatollah Rouhullah Khomeini dies on June 3, 1989. Ali Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani is elected president on July 28, 1989. Iran and Iraq reestablish diplomatic ties in September 1990 and the Iran-Iraq war formally comes to an end. On September 27, 1990, the United Kingdom and Iran reestablish diplomatic ties. Mohammad Khatami, a moderate cleric, is elected Iran's president on May 23, 1997. (en-US)

Fonte

Time.com. "Timeline: From the Shah to Now." Struggle for Iran's Soul: Newsfile. 1999. http://www.time.com/time/daily/special/iran/timeline.html (26 July 2001).

Termini più generici

• (PIQ) Iran