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Brasile 1945 (8 maggio) - 2000 (1 gennaio)   Cerca

Definizione

Definition: Brazil, a supporter of the Allies during World War II, ousts its anti-democratic president (Getúlio Vargas) on October 29, 1945. The next president (Gerneral Eurico Gaspar Durtra ) works to democratize the nation. A new constitution takes effect in September 1946. During 1946, 1,486 Jews enter Brazil; that number doubles in 1947. As the nation becomes more democratic the Zionist Organization and other Jewish groups resume activities that had been stalled by Brazil's nationalistic attitudes during World War II. Brazilian statesman, Oswaldo Aranha, presides over the 1947 United Nations General Assembly, which votes for the creation of a Jewish state. Aranha plays a key role in the adoption of the resolution. Brazil recognizes Israel in 1949. Between 1948 and 1977, 6,268 Brazilian Jews immigrate to Israel. After the creation of the state of Israel and the Sinai war in with Israel approximately 20,000 Egyptian Jews migrate to Brazil and easily integrate into Brazilian life. In the 1950s, 5,000 Jews immigrate to Brazil from Egypt and Arab countries. In February 1951, the long ignored secret circular 1127 of 1937 forbidding the issuing of visas to Jews is finally cancelled. That same year Jews establish the Confederacao das Entidades Representativas da Coletividade Israelita do Brasil (Confederation of Jewish Institutions in Brazil) to represent the country's Jewish community. By the late 1970s Jews belong to the elite 5 percent of the population that determines the economic and political contours of Brazil. In 1975, Brazil votes in favor of the UN resolution condemning Zionism as racism. Franz Wagner, Sobibor extermination camp official, is arrested in 1978, but the Brazil Supreme Court rejects requests for his extradition. A new democratic constitution is introduced October 5, 1988. The return to democracy allows antisemitic sentiment to surface and be expressed. Political instability characterizes Brazil in the 1990s. In 1991, Brazil votes for the reversal of the UN resolution that had condemned Zionism as racism. An April 21, 1993 plebiscite affirms Brazil's current form of government-a republic with a strong president. (en-US)

Fonte

Elkin, Judith Laikin. The Jews of Latin America. New York: Holmes and Meir, 1998. pp. 95-96

Termini più generici

• (PIQ) Brasile