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Austria 1938 (13 marzo) - 1939 (31 agosto)   Cerca

Definizione

Definition: On March 13, 1938, Hitler and the new Nazi government proclaim the Anschluss (the annexation of Austria by Nazi Germany) and most of the population welcomes it. Austrian support for the Nazis manifests itself in antisemitic riots and expulsion of Jews from the country's economic, social, and cultural life. March 13-14 the Gestapo loot Jewish apartments and ship the bounty to Berlin. Jews are dismissed from posts in theaters, community centers, public libraries, universities, colleges, markets, slaughterhouses, and the army. Synagogues are desecrated and Jews are forced to give up their personal property to the Nazis. Given "extraordinary powers," Heinrich Himmler sets up a Gestapo headquarters in Vienna by March 18. By that time the offices of the Jewish community and Zionist institutions are closed down and the officers are jailed; 625 Jewish societies are disbanded and 110 public personalities, bankers, and businessmen are arrested and deported to Dachau. In an April 10, 1938 plebiscite, 99.73 percent of Austrians vote for the Anschluss. On June 29, all Jews and partners in mixed marriages are dismissed from jobs in the private sector. By the summer of 1939, over 20,000 Jewish enterprises have been shut down. During the November 1938 pogroms, Kristallnacht, Adolf Eichmann imprisons Jews in concentration camps in order to extort money from them and force them to leave Austria. The goal is to make the country judenrein ("cleansed of Jews"). By May 1939, twenty-seven of thirty-three Jewish communities are closed down. Over 100,000 Jews emigrate from Austria leaving a population of 58,000 behind. (en-US)

Fonte

Friedlander, Saul. Nazi Germany and the Jews: The Years of Persecution 1933-1939. New York: Harper Collins, 1998. p. 243-245

Termini più generici

• Austria 1938 (13 marzo) - 1945 (7 maggio)

Termini più specifici

• Austria 1938