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Egitto-Repubblica Araba Unita-Egitto 1945 (8 maggio) - 2000 (1 gennaio)   Cerca

Definizione

At the end of WWII, Egypt became politically unstable as nationalism and anti-British sentiment increased. In November 1945, an attack led by an Egyptian nationalist group on the Jewish neighborhood in Cairo resulted in the destruction of a synagogue, a Jewish hospital, and the deaths of several Jews, the first anti-Semitic riot in modern Egyptian history. By 1947 the Jewish population numbered approximately 65,600, most of them employed in business, industry, and public services but only twenty percent held Egyptian citizenship. After the independence of the state of Israel in May 1948, Egyptian Jews came increasingly under discriminatory laws and physical attack. Egypt and Israel signed an armistice on February 24, 1949 but Egypt continued to regard itself to be at war with Israel. During the January 1952 anti-British Black Saturday Riots, the Jewish community sustained considerable property loss. Approximately 25, 000 Jews left Egypt. The persecution did not abate until General Mohammad Naguib assumed control of the government in 1952 after King Farouk's abdication. In July 1956, Colonel Gamal Abdel Nasser led a coup and overthrew the Naguib government and conditions became worse for Jews. Egypt waged war with Israel in the Sinai Campaign from October-November 1956. The United Nations placed an Emergency Force in the Gaza Strip and Sharm el Sheikh to prevent more clashes on the Gaza Strip-Sinai border. Nasser next embarked on the nationalization of the Suez Canal and the construction of the Aswan High Dam. On February 1, 1958, Egypt and Syria united to form the United Arab Republic with the intention of forming a larger pan-Arab nation but the union dissolved on September 28, 1961. Egypt and Israel fought the Six-Day War in June 1967. After Nasser's death in 1970, Anwar Sadat assumed leadership. Egypt again waged war with Israel in 1973. A meeting between Sadat, Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin, and United States President Jimmy Carter resulted in the Israeli - Egyptian peace treaty of 1979. Muslim fundamentalists assassinated Sadat in October 1981 and vice president Hosni Mubarak succeeded him. Mubarak continues his predecessor's efforts towards peace. In 1982 Egypt regained sovereignty over the Sinai Peninsula and in 1999, Mubarak was elected to a fourth term in office. (en-US)

Fonte

Encyclopaedia Britannica: a dictionary of arts, sciences, and general literature. Chicago: Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1995. Vol. 4, p. 391, Vol. 18, 140-142

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• (PIQ) Egitto