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Stati Uniti 1945 (8 maggio) - 2002 CercaDefinizione
On May 8, 1945, Germany surrenders unconditionally. President Harry S. Truman announces Japan's unconditional surrender on August 14. Between 1944 and 1959, 191,373 Jewish immigrants arrive in the U.S. Israel is established as a state at 6:00 p.m. on May 14, 1948; Truman grants de facto recognition at 6:11 p.m. North Korea invades South Korea on June 27, 1950; U.S. assistance to South Korea begins that same month. President Dwight Eisenhower negotiates the armistice to the Korean War (July 27, 1953). On January 1, 1955, U.S. Foreign Operations Administration begins sending aid to South Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos. In 1962, President John F. Kennedy approves the first important arms deal between U.S. and Israel. Between 1960 and 1968 about 73,000 Jewish immigrants arrive, most of them Israelis, Cubans, and Near Easterners. U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War escalates rapidly after 1965; gradual troop withdrawal begins in 1969, and the U.S. commits itself to full withdrawal in January 1973. In August 1973, Attorney General Elliot Richardson greatly facilitates the visa procedures for emigrants to change their destination from Israel to the U.S. By 1976, half of all Soviet Jewish emigrants with Israeli visas come to the U.S., and the flow of Soviet Jewish emigrants rises. The Islamic Revolution in Iran (1979) prompts the immigration of Iranian Jews to the U.S. Between 1983 and 1986 the number of emigrating Soviet Jews drops drastically, but climbs once again with the advent of glasnost. In July 1989, the U.S. temporarily stops processing visa applications for Soviet Jews, but in fall, the quota is set at 43,000 per year. The Lautenberg Amendment (1990) eases standards for "historically persecuted groups," permitting the immigration of Soviet Jews to the U.S. to climb once again. The Soviet Union ceases to exist on December 26, 1991. Between March and October 1992, Syrian Jews are able to obtain travel permits; many come to the U.S. During the 1990s, Russian-speaking Jews continue coming to the U.S. in significant numbers. As of 1994, there are an estimated 5,675,000 Jews in the United States. (en-US)
Fonte
Singer, David, ed. American Jewish Year Book 1997. Vol. 97. New York: American Jewish Committee, 1997. -National Affairs p. 113